Menadione sodium bisulfite
Vitamin K3 (MSB) Manufacturer | Essential Feed & Pharma Nutrient Headline: Premium Vitamin K3 MSB Manufacturer | Menadione Sodium Bisulfite (CAS: 130-37-0) Sub-headline: Feed Grade (96%) / Pharma Grade (USP/BP) | High Water Solubility | Essential for Blood Coagulation Unique Selling Proposition (USP): • High Stability: MSB (Menadione Sodium Bisulfite) is a stabilized, water-soluble form of Vitamin K3, ensuring consistent potency in feed premixes. • Hemostatic Essential: Critical for the synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors, preventing hemorrhagic diseases in livestock. • Cost-Effective Source: The most economical and widely used Vitamin K source for poultry and swine nutrition.
Introduction
Vitamin K3 (Menadione), specifically the MSB form (Menadione Sodium Bisulfite, CAS: 130-37-0), is a synthetic naphthoquinone derivative. It appears as a white to crystalline white powder, which is hygroscopic and soluble in water.
While natural Vitamin K1 and K2 exist, Vitamin K3 is the synthetic provitamin used extensively in the animal feed industry (poultry, swine, aquafeed) due to its superior bioavailability and stability when processed. In the body, it is alkylated to the active Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-4), supporting blood clotting and bone health.
Category：
Keywords：
vitamin
menadione
bisulfite
Functions
1. Blood Coagulation (Hemostasis)
• Mechanism: Coenzyme for Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.
• Action: Activates coagulation factors II (Prothrombin), VII, IX, and X in the liver. Deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding times and hemorrhages (e.g., subcutaneous bleeding in chicks).
2. Bone Metabolism
• Mechanism: Carboxylation of Osteocalcin.
• Action: Promotes calcium binding in bone tissue, crucial for skeletal development in rapidly growing broilers and piglets.
3. Coccodiosis Support
• Mechanism: Supports tissue repair.
• Action: Often supplemented at higher levels during coccidiosis treatment (with sulfa drugs) to reduce intestinal bleeding and aid recovery.
Applications
1. Animal Feed Premixes (Major Use)
• Application: Premixes for Poultry, Swine, and Aquaculture.
• Why it works: Prevents Vitamin K deficiency symptoms like anemia and delayed clotting. Crucial for cage-reared animals with limited access to natural forage.
2. Veterinary Medicine
• Application: Injectables or water-soluble powders for bleeding disorders.
• Why it works: Rapidly corrects hypothrombinemia caused by poisoning (e.g., rodenticides) or sulfanilamide therapy.
3. Pharmaceutical (Human Use)
• Application: Hemostatic drugs (Menadiol Sodium Diphosphate is often preferred, but MSB has historical use).
• Why it works: Used pre-operatively to prevent excessive bleeding in patients with hypoprothrombinemia.
Flow Chart
1.Oxidation: Oxidation of 2-Methylnaphthalene with Chromic Acid to form Menadione (Vitamin K3 base).
2.Bisulfite Addition: Reaction of Menadione with Sodium Bisulfite (NaHSO3) in aqueous solution.
3.Crystallization: Controlled cooling to precipitate MSB crystals.
4.Centrifugation: Separation of crystals from mother liquor.
5.Drying: Spray drying or fluid bed drying (careful temp control).
6.Sieving: Particle size standardization.
7.Packaging: 25kg Cartons or Fiber Drums with PE liners.
Quality Standard of Lactoferrin
Product: Vitamin K3 MSB 96% (Feed Grade)
CAS: 130-37-0
| Item | Specification | Result |
| Appearance | White to yellowish crystalline powder | Conforms |
| Menadione Content | ≥ 50.0% | 51.8% |
| Purity (MSB) | ≥ 96.0% | 97.2% |
| Water | ≤13.0% | 11.5% |
| Solution color | Yellow-green standard colorimetric solution No. 4 | Conforms |
| Sodium Bisulfite | ≤ 5.0% | Conforms |
| Cr | ≤ 45 mg/kg | Conforms |
| Heavy Metals | ≤ 20 mg/kg | < 10 ppm |
| Arsenic | ≤ 2.0 mg/kg | < 1 ppm |
(Note: MSB usually contains ~50% active Menadione. MNB (Menadione Nicotinamide Bisulfite) is another form with ~44% Menadione but higher stability).
Method of Analysis of Lactoferrin
Test Method: Titration (Cerimetry)
• Principle: Menadione is extracted and reduced, then titrated with Cerium (IV) Sulfate.
• Identification: Reaction with ethyl cyanoacetate yields a violet color (USP method).
Reference Chromatogram of Lactoferrin Reference Substance
(Description)
While typically assayed by titration, HPLC can separate MSB from free Menadione and degradation products (like Menadione epoxide). A stable MSB peak indicates proper bisulfite adduct formation.
Stability and Safety
Stability Studies
• Light Sensitivity: Highly Sensitive. Turns pink/purple/brown upon exposure to light. Must be protected.
• Moisture/Heat: Hygroscopic. Degradation accelerates in hot, humid conditions (e.g., inside pelleted feed). For pelleted feed, MNB or coated MSB is often recommended over standard MSB.
• Shelf Life: 12-18 Months (Standard MSB) vs 24 Months (MNB/Coated).
Safety & Handling (MSDS Summary)
• Classification: Irritant (Skin/Eyes/Respiratory).
• Handling: Wear dust mask and gloves. Menadione powder is irritating to mucous membranes.
• Storage: Store in a cool, dry, dark place.
Customer Comments
Production Manager, AgriVet Solutions (Vietnam)
2026.02.05
★★★★☆
Nutritionist, FeedMaster (Brazil)
2026.02.05
★★★★☆
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FAQ
What is the difference between MSB and MNB?
MSB (Sodium salt) is highly water-soluble but less stable in premixes containing minerals. MNB (Nicotinamide complex) is less soluble but much more stable under heat/pressure (pelleting), making it better for finished feed.
What is the Menadione content?
Standard MSB 96 contains approximately 50-52% Menadione. When formulating, calculating the actual Menadione activity is crucial.
Is Vitamin K3 toxic?
High doses can be toxic (oxidative stress), causing hemolytic anemia. However, at nutritional levels (e.g., 2-5 mg/kg diet), it is safe and essential. Note: K3 is banned in human food supplements in some regions (replaced by K1/K2), but standard in animal feed.
References
1.EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed. "Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of vitamin K3..."
2.Zhang, Y., et al. (2009). "Effects of different sources of Vitamin K on bone quality in broilers." British Poultry Science.
3.United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Monograph: Menadione Sodium Bisulfite.
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