What are the physiological functions of proteins?
The provision of exercise ability: Approximately 40% of the protein in the human body is present in muscle tissue, which determines the body's ability to move
2025-12-04
The provision of exercise ability: Approximately 40% of the protein in the human body is present in muscle tissue, which determines the body's ability to move.
The shaping of body structure: Structural proteins give shape and strength to bones, teeth, skin, tendons, cartilage, blood, and other tissues.
The construction of antibodies: Human antibodies include immunoglobulin, white blood cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, etc. Updated every 7 days, with sufficient protein, the human immune system will be strong, making it less likely to get sick and even less likely to suffer from terminal illnesses.
Organizational repair: Cells and tissues in the human body undergo metabolic renewal. If there is a lack of protein during this process, cellular tissues cannot differentiate and metabolize in a timely manner, which will affect the repair and growth of body tissues. For example, the skin of an average person updates every 28 days, and the skin cells continue to grow and accumulate from the lowest basal layer. It takes 14 days to grow into the stratum corneum, and the time from becoming the stratum corneum to shedding is also 14 days. But if there is a lack of protein during this process, the cell tissue cannot differentiate and metabolize in a timely manner, which will make the skin dull yellow and dull.
Coagulation function: When tissues are injured, special blood proteins exert coagulation function, thereby blocking bleeding and promoting wound healing.
Enzyme catalysis: Proteins are the main components that make up various catalytic enzymes in the human body. The human body has thousands of enzymes, each with specific catalytic functions. If the synthesis of enzymes is slowed down due to insufficient protein intake, it will affect the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food.
Hormonal regulation: The synthesis of many hormones in the body requires the participation of small molecule amino acids in proteins. For example, insulin, which controls blood sugar, is a protein hormone that contains 51 amino acids.
Transport of carriers: Proteins are similar to transport vehicles, which can transport phospholipids, vitamins, minerals, oxygen, and other substances to various locations needed by the body.
Electrolyte balance: Proteins can absorb water and lock it in cells or blood vessels, preventing excessive free flow of water in the body. If water seeps into the wrong area, that area will become swollen.
Maintaining acid-base balance: The human body must maintain a certain pH level, and blood proteins play an important buffering role in maintaining acid-base balance in the blood.
Providing energy: Generally speaking, supplying energy is the task of carbohydrates or fats. However, when their energy supply is insufficient, proteins will break down on their own and supply energy to the human body, thereby ensuring normal physiological activities.
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